

Diamond:
Colour: Colourless but and come in various colours.
Hardness: 10 on the Mohs scale, the hardest natural substance.
Symbolism: Often associated with love, commitment, and eternity.
Popular Cuts: Round brilliant, princess, emerald, pear, and more.
Famous Varieties: Blue Hope Diamond, Pink Star Diamond.
Ruby:
Colour: Vivid red to purplish red.
Hardness: 9 on the Mohs scale.
Symbolism: Represents passion, love, and power.
Origin: Primarily found in Myanmar (Burma), Thailand, Sri Lanka, and Mozambique.
Famous Varieties: Sunrise Ruby, Graff Ruby.


Sapphire:
Colour: Typically blue, but can be found in other colour like pink, yellow, and green.
Hardness: 9 on the Mohs scale.
Symbolism: Signifies wisdom, loyalty, and nobility.
Origin: Found in Sri Lanka, Myanmar (Burma), Madagascar, and Australia.
Famous Varieties: Star of India, Star of Adam.
Emerald:
Colour: Rich green to bluish green.
Hardness: 7.5-8 on the Mohs scale.
Symbolism: Represents nature, fertility, and growth.
Origin: Mostly mined in Colombia, Zambia, Brazil, and Zimbabwe.
Famous Varieties: The Patricia Emerald, Chalk Emerald.


Alexandrite:
Colour: Colour-changing, displaying green in daylight and red/purple in incandescent light.
Hardness: 8.5 on the Mohs scale.
Symbolism: Signifies change and balance.
Origin: First discovered in Russia, but now found in Sri Lanka, Brazil, and East Africa.
Famous Varieties: No specific famous individual stones.
Pearl:
Colour: Various natural Colour, including white, black, pink, and more.
Hardness: 2.5-4.5 on the Mohs scale (relatively soft).
Symbolism: Represents purity, innocence, and wisdom.
Origin: Cultured pearls are farmed worldwide; natural pearls are rarer.
Famous Varieties: La Peregrina Pearl, Arco Valley Pearl

Opal:
Colour: Known for their play-of-colour, displaying a wide range of hues.
Hardness: 5.5-6.5 on the Mohs scale (somewhat delicate).
Symbolism: Associated with creativity, imagination, and emotions.
Origin: Found in Australia, Mexico, Ethiopia, and Brazil.
Famous Varieties: The Andamooka Opal, The Roebling Opal.
